Atraumatic microsurgical forceps

ABSTRACT

An atraumatic microsurgical forceps may include an actuation structure, an actuation sleeve having an actuation sleeve distal end and an actuation sleeve proximal end, a surgical blank, and atraumatic forceps jaws of the surgical blank having atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends and atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends. The surgical blank may be disposed within the actuation sleeve wherein at least a portion of the atraumatic forceps jaws extends from the actuation sleeve distal end. A compression of the actuation structure may be configured to gradually extend the actuation sleeve over the atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends. An extension of the actuation sleeve over the atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends may be configured to gradually close the atraumatic forceps jaws wherein the atraumatic forceps jaws initially contact at the atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/723,739, filed Nov. 7, 2012.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a surgical instrument, and, moreparticularly, to a microsurgical forceps.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A microsurgical forceps may be used to perform a microsurgicalprocedure, e.g., an ophthalmic surgical procedure. For example, asurgeon may use a forceps to grasp and manipulate tissues or othersurgical instruments to perform portions of a surgical procedure. Aparticular microsurgical procedure may require a surgeon to separate afirst tissue from a second tissue without causing trauma to at least oneof the tissues. Such a separation procedure may be particularlydifficult for a surgeon to perform if the tissue surface geometry is notflat, e.g., if the tissue surface geometry is convex. For example, anophthalmic surgeon may be required to remove an internal limitingmembrane from a patient's retina without causing trauma to the patient'sretina. Accordingly, there is a need for a microsurgical forceps thatenables a surgeon to separate a first tissue from a second tissuewithout causing trauma to at least one of the tissues.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure presents an atraumatic microsurgical forceps.Illustratively, an atraumatic microsurgical forceps may comprise anactuation structure having an actuation structure distal end and anactuation structure proximal end, an actuation sleeve having anactuation sleeve distal end and an actuation sleeve proximal end, asurgical blank having a surgical blank distal end and a surgical blankproximal end, and atraumatic forceps jaws of the surgical blank havingatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends and atraumatic forceps jaws proximalends. In one or more embodiments, the surgical blank may be disposedwithin the actuation sleeve wherein at least a portion of the atraumaticforceps jaws extends from the actuation sleeve distal end.Illustratively, a compression of the actuation structure may beconfigured to gradually extend the actuation sleeve over the atraumaticforceps jaws proximal ends. In one or more embodiments, an extension ofthe actuation sleeve over the atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends maybe configured to gradually close the atraumatic forceps jaws wherein theatraumatic forceps jaws initially contact at the atraumatic forceps jawsdistal ends.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and further advantages of the present invention may be betterunderstood by referring to the following description in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicateidentical or functionally similar elements:

FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H are schematic diagramsillustrating an actuation structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of asurgical instrument assembly;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a surgical instrument;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps;

FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT

FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 1G, and 1H are schematic diagramsillustrating an actuation structure 100. FIG. 1A illustrates a top viewof a decompressed actuation structure 100. Illustratively, actuationstructure 100 may comprise an actuation structure distal end 101 and anactuation structure proximal end 102, an actuation structure base 105, aplurality of actuation arms 110, an actuation structure base interface114, and a fixation mechanism housing 115. In one or more embodiments,each actuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110 may comprisean extension joint 111, a distal extension mechanism 113, and a proximalextension mechanism 112. Illustratively, actuation structure distal end101 may extend a decompressed distance from actuation structure proximalend 102, e.g., when actuation structure 100 comprises a decompressedactuation structure 100. In one or more embodiments, a decompresseddistance may be a distance in a range of 1.6 to 3.0 inches, e.g., adecompressed distance may be 2.25 inches. Illustratively, a decompresseddistance may be less than 1.6 inches or greater than 3.0 inches.

FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a decompressed actuationstructure 100. Illustratively, actuation structure 100 may comprise ahandle base housing 120, an inner bore 125, a surgical blank housing130, an inner chamber 135, and an offset inner chamber 140. FIG. 1Cillustrates a rear view of a decompressed actuation structure 100. FIG.1D illustrates a front view of a decompressed actuation structure 100.In one or more embodiments, actuation structure 100 may be manufacturedfrom any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc.,or from any combination of suitable materials. Illustratively, actuationstructure 100 may be manufactured from a shape memory material. In oneor more embodiments, actuation structure 100 may be manufactured using aselective laser sintering machine. Illustratively, actuation structure100 may be manufactured by additive manufacturing or 3D printing.

In one or more embodiments, actuation structure 100 may have a densityin a range of 0.02 to 0.05 pounds per cubic inch, e.g., actuationstructure 100 may have a density of 0.036 pounds per cubic inch.Illustratively, actuation structure 100 may have a density less than0.02 pounds per cubic inch or greater than 0.05 pounds per cubic inch.In one or more embodiments, actuation structure 100 may have a mass in arange of 0.005 to 0.025 pounds, e.g., actuation structure 100 may have amass of 0.013 pounds. Illustratively, actuation structure 100 may have amass less than 0.005 pounds or greater than 0.025 pounds. In one or moreembodiments, actuation structure 100 may have a volume in a range of 0.2to 0.5 cubic inches, e.g., actuation structure 100 may have a volume of0.365 cubic inches. Illustratively, actuation structure 100 may have avolume less than 0.2 cubic inches or greater than 0.5 cubic inches. Inone or more embodiments, actuation structure 100 may have a surface areain a range of 10.0 to 15.0 square inches, e.g., actuation structure 100may have a surface area of 13.25 square inches. Illustratively,actuation structure 100 may have a surface area less than 10.0 squareinches or greater than 15.0 square inches. With respect to referenceorigin 150, actuation structure 100 may have a center of mass at X=1.15inches, Y=−0.00083 inches, and Z=−0.0086 inches.

In one or more embodiments, actuation structure 100 may be manufacturedfrom a material suitable for sterilization by a medical autoclave.Illustratively, actuation structure 100 may be manufactured from amaterial, e.g., Nylon, configured to withstand exposure to temperatures,pressures, and ambient conditions present in a medical autoclave withoutdegradation. For example, actuation structure 100 may be configured tofunction normally after exposure in a temperature 250° F. for 15 minutesat an atmospheric pressure of 15 psi. In one or more embodiments,actuation structure 100 may be configured to be used in a surgicalprocedure and then sterilized by a medical autoclave at least threetimes. Illustratively, actuation structure 100 may be configured to beused in a surgical procedure and then sterilized by a medical autoclavemore than three times.

FIG. 1E illustrates a top view of a compressed actuation structure 100.FIG. 1F illustrates a cross-sectional view of a compressed actuationstructure 100. FIG. 1G illustrates a rear view of a compressed actuationstructure 100. FIG. 1H illustrates a front view of a compressedactuation structure 100. In one or more embodiments, actuation structure100 may be configured to project actuation structure distal end 101 afirst distance from actuation structure proximal end 102, e.g., whenactuation structure 100 is fully decompressed. Illustratively, actuationstructure 100 may comprise a shape memory material configured to projectactuation structure distal end 101 a second distance from actuationstructure proximal end 102, e.g., when actuation structure 100 is fullycanals pressed. In one or more embodiments, the second distance fromactuation structure proximal end 102 may be greater than the firstdistance from actuation structure proximal end 102. Illustratively, acompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to graduallyextend actuation structure distal end 101 relative to actuationstructure proximal end 102.

In one or more embodiments, actuation structure distal end 101 mayextend a compressed distance from actuation structure proximal end 102,e.g., when actuation structure 100 comprises a compressed actuationstructure 100. Illustratively, a compressed distance may be a distancein a range of 1.6 to 3.0 inches, e.g., a compressed distance may be 2.26inches. In one or more embodiments, a compressed distance may be lessthan 1.6 inches or greater than 3.0 inches. Illustratively, a compresseddistance may be a range of 0.005 to 0.05 inches greater than adecompressed distance. In one or more embodiments, a compressed distancemay be less than 0.005 inches greater than a decompressed distance.Illustratively, a compressed distance may be greater than 0.05 inchesgreater than a decompressed distance. In one or more embodiments, acompressed distance may be in a range of 0.25 to 1.0 percent greaterthan a decompressed distance. Illustratively, a compressed distance maybe less than 0.25 percent greater than a decompressed distance. In oneor more embodiments, a compressed distance may be more than 1.0 percentgreater than a decompressed distance.

Illustratively, actuation structure 100 may be compressed by anapplication of a force, e.g., a compressive force, to a portion ofactuation structure 100. In one or more embodiments, an application of acompressive force in a range of 0.2 to 1.0 pounds may compress actuationstructure 100, e.g., an application of a compressive force of 0.84pounds may be configured to compress actuation structure 100.Illustratively, an application of a compressive force of less than 0.2pounds or greater than 1.0 pounds may be configured to compressactuation structure 100. In one or more embodiments, actuation structure100 may be compressed by an application of one or more compressiveforces at one or more locations around an outer perimeter of actuationstructure 100. Illustratively, the one or more locations may compriseany particular locations of a plurality of locations around an outerperimeter of actuation structure 100. For example, a surgeon maycompress actuation structure 100 by squeezing actuation structure 100.Illustratively, a surgeon may compress actuation structure 100 bysqueezing actuation structure 100 at any particular location of aplurality of locations around an outer perimeter of actuation structure100.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may compress actuation structure100 by applying a force to a portion of actuation structure 100, e.g.,when actuation structure 100 is in a first rotational orientation.Illustratively, the surgeon may then rotate actuation structure 100 andcompress actuation structure 100 by applying a force to a portion ofactuation structure 100, e.g., when actuation structure 100 is in asecond rotational orientation. In one or more embodiments, the surgeonmay then rotate actuation structure 100 and compress actuation structure100 by applying a force to a portion of actuation structure, e.g., whenactuation structure 100 is in a third rotational orientation.Illustratively, a surgeon may compress actuation structure 100 byapplying a force to a portion of actuation structure 100, e.g., whenactuation structure 100 is in any rotational orientation.

In one or more embodiments, actuation structure 100 may be compressed byan application of a compressive force to any one or more actuation arms110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110. Illustratively, each actuationarm 110 may be connected to one or more actuation arms 110 of aplurality of actuation arms 110 wherein an actuation of a particularactuation arm 110 may be configured to actuate every actuation arm 110of a plurality of actuation arms 110. In one or more embodiments, one ormore actuation arms 110 may be configured to actuate in pairs or groups.For example, an actuation of a first actuation arm 110 may be configuredto actuate a second actuation arm 110.

Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toan application of a force to a portion of actuation structure 100, maybe configured to expand one or more extension joints 111 of a particularactuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, an expansion of anextension joint 111 of a particular actuation arm 110 may be configuredto increase a distance between a distal end and a proximal end of theparticular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, an expansion of anextension joint 111 of a particular actuation arm 110 may be configuredto expand an extension joint 111 of every actuation arm 110 of aplurality of actuation arms 110. In one or more embodiments, anexpansion of an extension joint 111 of every actuation arm 110 of aplurality of actuation arms 110 may be configured to increase a distancebetween actuation structure distal end 101 and actuation structureproximal end 102.

Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toa reduction of a force applied to a portion of actuation structure 100,may be configured to collapse one or more extension joints 111 of aparticular actuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, a collapse ofan extension joint 111 of a particular actuation arm 110 may beconfigured to decrease a distance between a distal end and a proximalend of the particular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, a collapse ofan extension joint 111 of a particular actuation arm 110 may beconfigured to collapse an extension joint 111 of every actuation arm 110of a plurality of actuation arms 110. In one or more embodiments, acollapse of an extension joint 111 of every actuation arm 110 of aplurality of actuation arms 110 may be configured to decrease a distancebetween actuation structure distal end 101 and actuation structureproximal end 102.

Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toan application of a force to a portion of actuation structure 100, maybe configured to extend a proximal extension mechanism 112 of aparticular actuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, an extensionof a proximal extension mechanism 112 of a particular actuation arm 110may be configured to increase a distance between a distal end and aproximal end of the particular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, anextension of a proximal extension mechanism 112 of a particularactuation arm 110 may be configured to extend a proximal extensionmechanism 112 of every actuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuationarms 110. In one or more embodiments, an extension of a proximalextension mechanism 112 of every actuation arm 110 of a plurality ofactuation arms 110 may be configured to increase a distance betweenactuation structure distal end 101 and actuation structure proximal end102.

Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toa reduction of a force applied to a portion of actuation structure 100,may be configured to retract a proximal extension mechanism 112 of aparticular actuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, a refractionof a proximal extension mechanism 112 of a particular actuation arm 110may be configured to decrease a distance between a distal end and aproxies mal end of the particular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, aretraction of a proximal extension mechanism 112 of a particularactuation arm 110 may be configured to retract a proximal extensionmechanism 112 of every actuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuationarms 110. In one or more embodiments, a retraction of a proximalextension mechanism 112 of every actuation arm 110 of a plurality ofactuation arms 110 may be configured to decrease a distance betweenactuation structure distal end 101 and actuation structure proximal end102.

Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toan application of a force to a portion of actuation structure 100, maybe configured to extend a distal extension mechanism 113 of a particularactuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, an extension of a distalextension mechanism 113 of a particular actuation arm 110 may beconfigured to increase a distance between a distal end and a proximalend of the particular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, an extension ofa distal extension mechanism 113 of a particular actuation arm 110 maybe configured to extend a distal extension mechanism 113 of everyactuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110. In one or moreembodiments, an extension of a distal extension mechanism 113 of everyactuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110 may be configuredto increase a distance between actuation structure distal end 101 andactuation structure proximal end 102.

Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toa reduction of a force applied to a portion of actuation structure 100,may be configured to retract a distal extension mechanism 113 of aparticular actuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, a retractionof a distal extension mechanism 113 of a particular actuation arm 110may be configured to decrease a distance between a distal end and aproximal end of the particular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, aretraction of a distal extension mechanism 113 of a particular actuationarm 110 may be configured to retract a distal extension mechanism 113 ofevery actuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110. In one ormore embodiments, a retraction of a distal extension mechanism 113 ofevery actuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110 may beconfigured to decrease a distance between actuation structure distal end101 and actuation structure proximal end 102.

Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toan application of a force to a portion of actuation structure 100, maybe configured to extend an extension joint 111, a proximal extensionmechanism 112, and a distal extension mechanism 113 of a particularactuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, an extension of anextension joint 111, a proximal extension mechanism 112, and a distalextension mechanism 113 of a particular actuation arm 110 may beconfigured to increase a distance between a distal end and a proximalend of the particular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, an extension ofan extension joint 111, a proximal extension mechanism 112, and a distalextension mechanism 113 of a particular actuation arm 110 may beconfigured to extend an extension joint 111, a proximal extensionmechanism 112, and a distal extension mechanism 113 of every actuationarm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110. In one or moreembodiments, an extension of an extension joint 111, a proximalextension mechanism 112, and a distal extension mechanism 113 of everyactuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110 may be configuredto increase a distance between actuation structure distal end 101 andactuation structure proximal end 102.

Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100, e.g., due toa reduction of a force applied to a portion of actuation structure 100,may be configured to retract an extension joint 111, a proximalextension mechanism 112, and a distal extension mechanism 113 of aparticular actuation arm 110. In one or more embodiments, a refractionof an extension joint 111, a proximal extension mechanism 112, and adistal extension mechanism 113 of a particular actuation arm 110 may beconfigured to decrease a distance between a distal end and a proximalend of the particular actuation arm 110. Illustratively, a retraction ofan extension joint 111, a proximal extension mechanism 112, and a distalextension mechanism 113 of a particular actuation arm 110 may beconfigured to retract an extension joint 111, a proximal extensionmechanism 112, and a distal extension mechanism 113 of every actuationarm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110. In one or moreembodiments, a retraction of an extension joint 111, a proximalextension mechanism 112, and a distal extension mechanism 113 of everyactuation arm 110 of a plurality of actuation arms 110 may be configuredto decrease a distance between actuation structure distal end 101 andactuation structure proximal end 102.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exploded view of asurgical instrument assembly 200. Illustratively, a surgical instrumentassembly may comprise a tube 210 having a tube distal end 211 and a tubeproximal end 212, an end plug 220 having an end plug distal end 221 andan end plug proximal end 222, a handle base 230 having a handle basedistal end 231 and a handle base proximal end 232, an actuationstructure 100 having an actuation structure distal end 101 and anactuation structure proximal end 102, an outer nosecone 240 having anouter nosecone distal end 241 and an outer nosecone proximal end 242, aninner nosecone 250 having an inner nosecone distal end 251 an innernosecone proximal end 252, an actuation sleeve 260 having an actuationsleeve distal end 261 and an actuation sleeve proximal end 262, a wirelock 270, a first fixation mechanism 280, a second fixation mechanism281, a nosecone fixation mechanism 282, and a surgical blank 290 havinga surgical blank distal end 291 and a surgical blank proximal end 292.In one or more embodiments, tube 210 may comprise a tube curved portion215. Illustratively, tube curved portion 215 may be configured to curvetube 210 around wire lock 270.

In one or more embodiments, tube 210 may be manufactured from a materialsuitable for sterilization by a medical autoclave. Illustratively, tube210 may be manufactured from a material configured to withstand exposureto temperatures, pressures, and ambient conditions present in a medicalautoclave without degradation. For example, tube 210 may be configuredto function normally after exposure in a temperature 250° F. for 15minutes at an atmospheric pressure of 15 psi. In one or moreembodiments, tube 210 may be configured to be used in a surgicalprocedure and then sterilized by a medical autoclave at least threetimes. Illustratively, tube 210 may be configured to be used in asurgical procedure and then sterilized by a medical autoclave more thanthree times.

In one or more embodiments, end plug 220 may comprise an end plug thread226 and a proximal barb fitting 225. Illustratively, end plug 220 maycomprise a luer hub. For example, end plug 220 may comprise an innerbore aligned with an inner bore of proximal barb fitting 225. In one ormore embodiments, proximal barb fitting 225 may be configured tointerface with tube proximal end 212. Illustratively, a portion of endplug 220 may be disposed within handle base 230, e.g., end plug distalend 221 may be disposed within handle base 230. In one or moreembodiments, a portion of end plug 220 may be fixed within handle base230, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means.Illustratively, a portion of end plug 220 may be fixed within handlebase 230, e.g., a portion of handle base 230 may comprise a threadconfigured to match end plug thread 226 and end plug 220 may be screwedinto handle base 230. In one or more embodiments, a portion of end plug220 may be fixed within handle base 230 by a press fit, a setscrew, etc.Illustratively, end plug 220 and handle base 230 may comprise a singleunit. In one or more embodiments, end plug 220 may be manufactured fromany suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., orfrom any combination of suitable materials.

In one or more embodiments, end plug 220 may be manufactured from amaterial suitable for sterilization by a medical autoclave.Illustratively, end plug 220 may be manufactured from a materialconfigured to withstand exposure to temperatures, pressures, and ambientconditions present in a medical autoclave without degradation. Forexample, end plug 220 may be configured to function normally afterexposure in a temperature 250° F. for 15 minutes at an atmosphericpressure of 15 psi. In one or more embodiments, end plug 220 may beconfigured to be used in a surgical procedure and then sterilized by amedical autoclave at least three times. Illustratively, end plug 220 maybe configured to be used in a surgical procedure and then sterilized bya medical autoclave more than three times.

Illustratively, handle base 230 may comprise an assembly grip point 235and a handle base thread 236. In one or more embodiments, a portion ofhandle base 230 may be disposed within actuation structure 100, e.g.,handle base distal end 231 may be disposed within handle base housing120. Illustratively, a portion of handle base 230 may be fixed withinactuation structure 100, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixationmeans. In one or more embodiments, a portion of handle base 230 may befixed within a portion of actuation structure 100, e.g., a portion ofactuation structure 100 may comprise a thread configured to match handlebase thread 236 and handle base 230 may be screwed into actuationstructure 100. Illustratively, assembly grip point 235 may be configuredto facilitate a fixation of a portion of handle base 230 withinactuation structure 100, e.g., assembly grip point 235 may be configuredto facilitate a screwing of handle base into actuation structure. In oneor more embodiments, a portion of handle base 230 may be fixed withinactuation structure 100 by a press fit, a setscrew, etc. Illustratively,handle base 230 and actuation structure 100 may comprise a single unit.For example, end plug 220, handle base 230, and actuation structure 100may comprise a single unit. In one or more embodiments, handle base 230may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals,metal alloys, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials.

In one or more embodiments, handle base 230 may be manufactured from amaterial suitable for sterilization by a medical autoclave.Illustratively, handle base 230 may be manufactured from a materialconfigured to withstand exposure to temperatures, pressures, and ambientconditions present in a medical autoclave without degradation. Forexample, handle base 230 may be configured to function normally afterexposure in a temperature 250° F. for 15 minutes at an atmosphericpressure of 15 psi. In one or more embodiments, handle base 230 may beconfigured to be used in a surgical procedure and then sterilized by amedical autoclave at least three times. Illustratively, handle base 230may be configured to be used in a surgical procedure and then sterilizedby a medical autoclave more than three times.

Illustratively, outer nosecone 240 may comprise an outer nosecone innerchamber 245 and a nosecone fixation mechanism housing 246. In one ormore embodiments, inner nosecone 250 may comprise a distal barb fitting255. For example, inner nosecone 250 may comprise an inner bore alignedwith an inner bore of distal barb fitting 255. Illustratively, distalbarb fitting 255 may be configured to interface with tube distal end211. In one or more embodiments, a portion of inner nosecone 250 may bedisposed within outer nosecone inner chamber 245, e.g., inner noseconeproximal end 252 may be disposed within outer nosecone inner chamber245. Illustratively, inner nosecone 250 may be fixed within outernosecone inner chamber 245, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitablefixation means. In one or more embodiments, nosecone fixation mechanism282 may be configured to fix inner nosecone 250 to outer nosecone 240.Illustratively, nosecone fixation mechanism 282 may be disposed withinnosecone fixation mechanism housing 246. In one or more embodiments, aportion of inner nosecone 250 may be fixed to a portion of noseconefixation mechanism 282, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixationmeans. Illustratively, nosecone fixation mechanism 282 may comprise asetscrew configured to fix inner nosecone 250 to outer nosecone 240,e.g., by a press fit or any suitable fixation means. In one or moreembodiments, inner nosecone 250 and outer nosecone 240 may comprise asingle unit. Illustratively, inner nosecone 250 and outer nosecone 240may be manufactured from any suitable material, e.g., polymers, metals,metal allogs, etc., or from any combination of suitable materials.

In one or more embodiments, a portion of outer nosecone 240 may be fixedto actuation structure 100, e.g., outer nosecone proximal end 242 may befixed to actuation structure distal end 101. Illustratively, a portionof outer nosecone 240 may be fixed to actuation structure 100, e.g., byan adhesive or any suitable fixation means. In one or more embodiments,a portion of outer nosecone 240 may be disposed within a portion ofactuation structure 100, e.g., outer nosecone proximal end 242 may bedisposed within a portion of actuation structure 100. Illustratively, aportion of outer nosecone 240 may be fixed within a portion of actuationstructure 100, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means.

In one or more embodiments, a portion of actuation sleeve 260 may befixed to a portion of inner nosecone 250, e.g., actuation sleeveproximal end 262 may be fixed to inner nosecone distal end 251.Illustratively, a portion of actuation sleeve 260 may be fixed to aportion of inner nosecone 250, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitablefixation means. In one or more embodiments, a portion of actuationsleeve 260 may be disposed within a portion of inner nosecone 250, e.g.,actuation sleeve proximal end 262 may be disposed within inner nosecone250. Illustratively, a portion of actuation sleeve 260 may be fixedwithin inner nosecone 250, e.g., by an adhesive or any suitable fixationmeans. In one or more embodiments, a portion of actuation sleeve 260 maybe fixed within inner nosecone 250, e.g., by a press fit, a setscrew,etc. Illustratively, actuation sleeve 260 may be manufactured from anysuitable material, e.g., polymers, metals, metal alloys, etc., or fromany combination of suitable materials.

In one or more embodiments, tube proximal end 212 may interface withproximal barb 225. Illustratively, a portion of tube 210 may beconfigured to fit over a portion of proximal barb 225, e.g., to form ahermetic seal. In one or more embodiments, tube 210 may be disposedwithin handle base 230, handle base housing 120, inner bore 125, offsetinner chamber 140, inner chamber 135, and outer nosecone 240.Illustratively, tube 210 may be disposed with actuation structure 100wherein tube curved portion 215 may be disposed in offset inner chamber140. In one or more embodiments, tube distal end 211 may interface withdistal barb 255. Illustratively, a portion of tube 210 may be configuredto fit over a portion of distal barb 255, e.g., to form a hermetic seal.

In one or more embodiments, wire lock 270 may be disposed withinfixation mechanism housing 115. Illustratively, wire lock 270 may befixed within fixation mechanism housing 115, e.g., by an adhesive or anysuitable fixation means. In one or more embodiments, surgical blank 290may be disposed within actuation structure 100 and actuation sleeve 260.Illustratively, surgical blank 290 may be disposed within wire lock 270,wire lock interface 275, surgical blank housing 130, inner chamber 135,outer nosecone 240, inner nosecone 250, and actuation sleeve 260. In oneor more embodiments, a portion of surgical blank 290 may extend fromactuation sleeve distal end 261. Illustratively, surgical blank distalend 291 may extend from actuation sleeve distal end 261. In one or moreembodiments, surgical blank 290 may be fixed within wire lock 270, e.g.,by an adhesive or any suitable fixation means. Illustratively, firstfixation mechanism 280 and second fixation mechanism 281 may beconfigured to fix a portion of surgical blank 290 within wire lock 270,e.g., first fixation mechanism 280 and second fixation mechanism 281 maybe disposed within wire lock 270. In one or more embodiments, firstfixation mechanism 280 and second fixation mechanism 281 may comprisesetscrews configured to firmly fix a portion of surgical blank 290within wire lock 270.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a surgical instrument 300.FIG. 3 illustrates a top view and a side view of surgical instrument300. Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to extend actuation structure distal end 101 relative toactuation structure proximal end 102, e.g., a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to increase a distance between actuationstructure distal end 101 and actuation structure proximal end 102. Inone or more embodiments, an extension of actuation structure distal end101 relative to actuation structure proximal end 102 may be configuredto extend outer nosecone 240 relative to handle base 230.Illustratively, an extension of outer nosecone 240 relative to handlebase 230 may be configured to extend inner nosecone 250 relative tosurgical blank 290. In one or more embodiments, an extension of innernosecone 250 relative to surgical blank 290 may be configured to extendactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290.

Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to retract actuation structure distal end 101 relative toactuation structure proximal end 102, e.g., a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to reduce a distance between actuationstructure distal end 101 and actuation structure proximal end 102. Inone or more embodiments, a retraction of actuation structure distal end101 relative to actuation structure proximal end 102 may be configuredto retract outer nosecone 240 relative to handle base 230.Illustratively, a retraction of outer nosecone 240 relative to handlebase 230 may be configured to retract inner nosecone 250 relative tosurgical blank 290. In one or more embodiments, a refraction of innernosecone 250 relative to surgical blank 290 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps 400.FIG. 4 illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps400. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 400 may be manufactured withdimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g.,ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumaticforceps 400 may be manufactured from surgical blank 290. Illustratively,atraumatic forceps 400 may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank290, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 400 may be manufactured by modifyingsurgical blank 290, e.g., with a laser, a file, or any suitablemodification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 400 may comprisea plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws 410, a first contour angle 420, asecond contour angle 430, and a third contour angle 440.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw 410 of a plurality ofatraumatic forceps jaws 410 may comprise an atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 411 and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 412. In one ormore embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 and asecond atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 may be separated by adistance 415. Illustratively, distance 415 may comprise a distance in arange of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance 415 may comprise adistance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance 415 maycomprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 400 may be configured to separate afirst tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging thesecond tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps 400 may be configured toseparate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a secondtissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the secondtissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise aninternal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina.Illustratively, distance 415 may comprise a distance in a range of 200to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance415 may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of the firsttissue. In one or more embodiments, distance 415 may comprise a distanceless than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness ofthe first tissue. Illustratively, distance 415 may comprise a distancein a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of an internallimiting membrane, e.g., distance 415 may comprise a distance 291 timesthe average thickness of an internal limiting membrane. In one or moreembodiments, distance 415 may comprise a distance less than 200 times orgreater than 600 times the average thickness of an internal limitingmembrane.

Illustratively, first contour angle 420 may comprise any angle less than90 degrees, e.g., first contour angle 420 may comprise an angle in arange of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, first contourangle 420 may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greater than 80degrees. Illustratively, first contour angle 420 may comprise a 70degree angle. In one or more embodiments, second contour angle 430 maycomprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., second contour angle430 may comprise an angle in a range of 100 to 120 degrees.Illustratively, second contour angle 430 may comprise an angle less than100 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments,second contour angle 430 may comprise a 110 degree angle.Illustratively, third contour angle 440 may comprise any angle greaterthan 90 degrees, e.g., third contour angle 440 may comprise an angle ina range of 160 to 175 degrees. In one or more embodiments, third contourangle 440 may comprise an angle less than 160 degrees or greater than175 degrees. Illustratively, third contour angle 440 may comprise a 168degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws 410 may beconfigured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411 asactuation sleeve 260 is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 412. Illustratively, an extension of actuation sleeve 260relative to surgical blank 290 may be configured to decrease a distance415 between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 and a secondatraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411. In one or more embodiments, anextension of actuation sleeve 260 over a first atraumatic forceps jawproximal end 412 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 412may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end411 and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 to contactbefore any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw 410contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw 410.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps 400. FIG. 5A illustrates a top view anda front view of an open atraumatic forceps 500. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 400 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 500, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 isseparated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 bydistance 415. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 400 may comprise anopen atraumatic forceps 500, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fullyretracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 400 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 500, e.g., when actuation structure 100 is fully decompressed.

FIG. 5B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closedatraumatic forceps 510. In one or more embodiments, a compression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually close anatraumatic forceps 400, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps 500 to apartially closed atraumatic forceps 510. Illustratively, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve distal end261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412. In one or moreembodiments, a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configuredto decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end411 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411, e.g., a firstatraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 and a second atraumatic forcepsjaw distal end 411 may be separated by a distance less than distance 415when atraumatic forceps 400 comprises a partially closed atraumaticforceps 510.

FIG. 5C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closedatraumatic forceps 520. Illustratively, a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps400, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps 510 to a fullyclosed atraumatic forceps 520. In one or more embodiments, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve distal end261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412. Illustratively, anextension of actuation sleeve 260 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximalends 412 may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws 410 whereinatraumatic forceps jaws 410 initially contact at atraumatic forceps jawsdistal ends 411. In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forcepsjaws 410 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws 410 initially contact atatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411. Illustratively, afteratraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411 initially contact, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually closeatraumatic forceps jaws 410 wherein a contact area between atraumaticforceps jaws 410 gradually increases. In one or more embodiments,atraumatic forceps jaws 410 may be configured to close wherein an amountof a first atraumatic forceps jaw 410 in contact with a secondatraumatic forceps jaw 410 increases gradually from atraumatic forcepsjaws distal ends 411, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws 410 may beconfigured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw410 in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw 410 increasesgradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412.Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to close atraumatic forceps jaws 410 starting at atraumaticforceps jaws distal ends 411 and gradually progressing towardsatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412. In one or more embodiments, acompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to close afirst atraumatic forceps jaw 410 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw 410wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 410 initiallycontact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distalends 411. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forcepsjaws 410 initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jawsdistal ends 411, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumaticforceps jaws 410 to gradually contact each other starting at medialportions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 410 adjacent tofirst and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limitingmembrane from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws 410, e.g., without damaging the retina.Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate actuation structure 100 andassembled surgical instrument 200 to approach a retina with atraumaticforceps 400, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 400 comprises an openatraumatic forceps 500. For example, a surgeon may gradually moveatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411 closer to a retina untilatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411 contact an internal limitingmembrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuationstructure 100, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend actuationsleeve 260 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412.Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411 and no other portion ofatraumatic forceps jaws 410, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlyingretinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion ofan internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends411, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internallimiting membrane and compress actuation structure 100 to grasp a secondportion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws410. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of theinternal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws 410located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 411.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps 400. FIG. 6A illustrates a top view anda front view of a closed atraumatic forceps 600. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 400 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 600, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 isadjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 400 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 600, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fully extended overatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412. Illustratively, atraumaticforceps 400 may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps 600, e.g., whenactuation structure 100 is fully compressed.

FIG. 6B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially openatraumatic forceps 610. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually open anatraumatic forceps 400, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps 600 to apartially open atraumatic forceps 610. Illustratively, a decompressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve distal end261 relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412. In one ormore embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws 410.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws 410 wherein afirst atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 contacts a second atraumaticforceps jaw distal end 411 until all other portions of atraumaticforceps jaws 410 are separated. In one or more embodiments, adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to separateatraumatic forceps jaws 410 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends411 are the last portions of atraumatic forceps jaws 410 to separate.

FIG. 6C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully openatraumatic forceps 620. Illustratively, a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps400, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps 610 to a fully openatraumatic forceps 620. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve distal end261 relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 412.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws 410. In one ormore embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 and asecond atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 411 may be separated bydistance 415, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 400 comprises a fully openatraumatic forceps 620.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps 700.FIG. 7 illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps700. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 700 may be manufactured withdimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g.,ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumaticforceps 700 may be manufactured from surgical blank 290. Illustratively,atraumatic forceps 700 may be manufactured by modifying surgical blank290, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 700 may be manufactured by modifyingsurgical blank 290, e.g., with a laser, a file, or any suitablemodification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 700 may comprisea plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws 710, a fourth contour angle 720,and a fifth contour angle 730.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw 710 of a plurality ofatraumatic forceps jaws 710 may comprise an atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 711 and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 712. In one ormore embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 and asecond atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 may be separated by adistance 715. Illustratively, distance 715 may comprise a distance in arange of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance 715 may comprise adistance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance 715 maycomprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 700 may be configured to separate afirst tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging thesecond tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps 700 may be configured toseparate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a secondtissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the secondtissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise aninternal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina.Illustratively, distance 715 may comprise a distance in a range of 200to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance715 may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of the firsttissue. In one or more embodiments, distance 715 may comprise a distanceless than 200 times or greater than 600 times the average thickness ofthe first tissue. Illustratively, distance 715 may comprise a distancein a range of 200 to 600 times an average thickness of an internallimiting membrane, e.g., distance 715 may comprise a distance 291 timesthe average thickness of an internal limiting membrane. In one or moreembodiments, distance 715 may comprise a distance less than 200 times orgreater than 600 times the average thickness of an internal limitingmembrane.

Illustratively, fourth contour angle 720 may comprise any angle lessthan 90 degrees, e.g., fourth contour angle 720 may comprise an angle ina range of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, fourth contourangle 720 may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greater than 80degrees. Illustratively, fourth contour angle 720 may comprise a 76.3degree angle. In one or more embodiments, fifth contour angle 730 maycomprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., fifth contour angle730 may comprise an angle in a range of 95 to 120 degrees.Illustratively, fifth contour angle 730 may comprise an angle less than95 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments,fifth contour angle 730 may comprise a 103.7 degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws 710 may beconfigured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711 asactuation sleeve 260 is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 712. Illustratively, an extension of actuation sleeve 260relative to surgical blank 290 may be configured to decrease a distance715 between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 and a secondatraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711. In one or more embodiments, anextension of actuation sleeve 260 over a first atraumatic forceps jawproximal end 712 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 712may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end711 and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 to contactbefore any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw 710contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw 710.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps 700. FIG. 8A illustrates a top view anda front view of an open atraumatic forceps 800. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 700 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 800, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 isseparated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 bydistance 715. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 700 may comprise anopen atraumatic forceps 800, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fullyretracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 700 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 800, e.g., when actuation structure 100 is fully decompressed.

FIG. 8B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closedatraumatic forceps 810. In one or more embodiments, a compression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually close anatraumatic forceps 700, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps 800 to apartially closed atraumatic forceps 810. Illustratively, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve distal end261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712. In one or moreembodiments, a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configuredto decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end711 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711, e.g., a firstatraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 and a second atraumatic forcepsjaw distal end 711 may be separated by a distance less than distance 715when atraumatic forceps 700 comprises a partially closed atraumaticforceps 810.

FIG. 8C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closedatraumatic forceps 820. Illustratively, a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps700, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps 810 to a fullyclosed atraumatic forceps 820. In one or more embodiments, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve distal end261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712. Illustratively, anextension of actuation sleeve 260 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximalends 712 may be configured to close atraumatic forceps jaws 710 whereinatraumatic forceps jaws 710 initially contact at atraumatic forceps jawsdistal ends 711. In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually close atraumatic forcepsjaws 710 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws 710 initially contact atatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711. Illustratively, afteratraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711 initially contact, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually closeatraumatic forceps jaws 710 wherein a contact area between atraumaticforceps jaws 710 gradually increases. In one or more embodiments,atraumatic forceps jaws 710 may be configured to close wherein an amountof a first atraumatic forceps jaw 710 in contact with a secondatraumatic forceps jaw 710 increases gradually from atraumatic forcepsjaws distal ends 711, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws 710 may beconfigured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw710 in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw 710 increasesgradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712.Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to close atraumatic forceps jaws 710 starting at atraumaticforceps jaws distal ends 711 and gradually progressing towardsatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712. In one or more embodiments, acompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to close afirst atraumatic forceps jaw 710 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw 710wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 710 initiallycontact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distalends 711. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forcepsjaws 710 initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jawsdistal ends 711, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumaticforceps jaws 710 to gradually contact each other starting at medialportions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 710 adjacent tofirst and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limitingmembrane from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws 710, e.g., without damaging the retina.Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate actuation structure 100 andassembled surgical instrument 200 to approach a retina with atraumaticforceps 700, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 700 comprises an openatraumatic forceps 800. For example, a surgeon may gradually moveatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711 closer to a retina untilatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711 contact an internal limitingmembrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuationstructure 100, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend actuationsleeve 260 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712.Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711 and no other portion ofatraumatic forceps jaws 710, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlyingretinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion ofan internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends711, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internallimiting membrane and compress actuation structure 100 to grasp a secondportion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws710. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of theinternal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws 710located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 711.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps 700. FIG. 9A illustrates a top view anda front view of a closed atraumatic forceps 900. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 700 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 900, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 isadjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 700 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 900, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fully extended overatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712. Illustratively, atraumaticforceps 700 may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps 900, e.g., whenactuation structure 100 is fully compressed.

FIG. 9B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially openatraumatic forceps 910. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually open anatraumatic forceps 700, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps 900 to apartially open atraumatic forceps 910. Illustratively, a decompressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve distal end261 relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712. In one ormore embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws 710.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws 710 wherein afirst atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 contacts a second atraumaticforceps jaw distal end 711 until all other portions of atraumaticforceps jaws 710 are separated. In one or more embodiments, adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to separateatraumatic forceps jaws 710 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends711 are the last portions of atraumatic forceps jaws 710 to separate.

FIG. 9C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully openatraumatic forceps 920. Illustratively, a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps700, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps 910 to a fully openatraumatic forceps 920. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to retract actuation sleeve distal end261 relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 712.Illustratively, a decompression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to gradually separate atraumatic forceps jaws 710. In one ormore embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 and asecond atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 711 may be separated bydistance 715, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 700 comprises a fully openatraumatic forceps 920.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps 1000.FIG. 10 illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps1000. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1000 may be manufactured withdimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g.,ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumaticforceps 1000 may be manufactured from surgical blank 290.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1000 may be manufactured by modifyingsurgical blank 290, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one ormore embodiments, atraumatic forceps 1000 may be manufactured bymodifying surgical blank 290, e.g., with a laser, a file, or anysuitable modification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1000 maycomprise a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws 1010, a sixth contourangle 1020, and a seventh contour angle 1030.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw 1010 of a plurality ofatraumatic forceps jaws 1010 may comprise an atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 1011 and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 1012. In oneor more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011 anda second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011 may be separated by adistance 1015. Illustratively, distance 1015 may comprise a distance ina range of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance 1015 may comprise adistance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance 1015 maycomprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1000 may be configured to separate afirst tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging thesecand tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps 1000 may be configured toseparate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a secondtissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the secondtissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise aninternal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina.Illustratively, distance 1015 may comprise a distance in a range of 200to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance1015 may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of thefirst tissue. In one or more embodiments, distance 1015 may comprise adistance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the averagethickness of the first tissue. Illustratively, distance 1015 maycomprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thicknessof an internal limiting membrane, e.g., distance 1015 may comprise adistance 291 times the average thickness of an internal limitingmembrane. In one or more embodiments, distance 1015 may comprise adistance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the averagethickness of an internal limiting membrane.

Illustratively, sixth contour angle 1020 may comprise any angle lessthan 90 degrees, e.g., sixth contour angle 1020 may comprise an angle ina range of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, sixth contourangle 1020 may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greater than 80degrees. Illustratively, sixth contour angle 1020 may comprise a 70degree angle. In one or more embodiments, seventh contour angle 1030 maycomprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., seventh contour angle1030 may comprise an angle in a range of 95 to 120 degrees.Illustratively, seventh contour angle 1030 may comprise an angle lessthan 95 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments,seventh contour angle 1030 may comprise a 110 degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 may beconfigured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011 asactuation sleeve 260 is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 1012. Illustratively, an extension of actuation sleeve 260relative to surgical blank 290 may be configured to decrease a distance1015 between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011 and a secondatraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011. In one or more embodiments, anextension of actuation sleeve 260 over a first atraumatic forceps jawproximal end 1012 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 1012may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1011 and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011 to contactbefore any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw 1010contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw 1010.

FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps 1000. FIG. 11A illustrates a top viewand a front view of an open atraumatic forceps 1100. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 1000 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 1100, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011is separated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011 bydistance 1015. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1000 may comprise anopen atraumatic forceps 1100, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fullyretracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1012.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1000 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 1100, e.g., when actuation structure 100 is fully decompressed.

FIG. 11B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closedatraumatic forceps 1110. In one or more embodiments, a compression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually close anatraumatic forceps 1000, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps 1100 to apartially closed atraumatic forceps 1110. Illustratively, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve distal end261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1012. In one or moreembodiments, a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configuredto decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1011 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011, e.g., a firstatraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011 and a second atraumatic forcepsjaw distal end 1011 may be separated by a distance less than distance1015 when atraumatic forceps 1000 comprises a partially closedatraumatic forceps 1110.

FIG. 11C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closedatraumatic forceps 1120. Illustratively, a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps1000, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps 1110 to a fullyclosed atraumatic forceps 1120. In one or more embodiments, acompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to extendactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleevedistal end 261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1012.Illustratively, an extension of actuation sleeve 260 over atraumaticforceps jaws proximal ends 1012 may be configured to close atraumaticforceps jaws 1010 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 initially contactat atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011. In one or more embodiments,a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to graduallyclose atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws 1010initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011.Illustratively, after atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011 initiallycontact, a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configured togradually close atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 wherein a contact areabetween atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 gradually increases. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 may be configured to closewherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw 1010 in contact witha second atraumatic forceps jaw 1010 increases gradually from atraumaticforceps jaws distal ends 1011, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 may beconfigured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw1010 in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw 1010 increasesgradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1012.Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to close atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 starting at atraumaticforceps jaws distal ends 1011 and gradually progressing towardsatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1012. In one or more embodiments,a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to close afirst atraumatic forceps jaw 1010 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw1010 wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 initiallycontact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distalends 1011. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forcepsjaws 1010 initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jawsdistal ends 1011, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumaticforceps jaws 1010 to gradually contact each other starting at medialportions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 adjacentto first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limitingmembrave from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws 1010, e.g., without damaging the retina.Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate actuation structure 100 andassembled surgical instrument 200 to approach a retina with atraumaticforceps 1000, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 1000 comprises an openatraumatic forceps 1100. For example, a surgeon may gradually moveatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011 closer to a retina untilatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011 contact an internal limitingmembrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuationstructure 100, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend actuationsleeve 260 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1012.Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011 and no other portion ofatraumatic forceps jaws 1010, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlyingretinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion ofan internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1011, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internallimiting membrane and compress actuation structure 100 to grasp a secondportion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws1010. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of theinternal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws1010 located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011.

FIGS. 12A, 12B, and 12C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps 1000. FIG. 12A illustrates a top viewand a front view of a closed atraumatic forceps 1200. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 1000 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 1200, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011is adjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1000 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 1200, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fully extended overatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1012. Illustratively, atraumaticforceps 1000 may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps 1200, e.g., whenactuation structure 100 is fully compressed.

FIG. 12B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially openatraumatic forceps 1210. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually open anatraumatic forceps 1000, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps 1200 toa partially open atraumatic forceps 1210. Illustratively, adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve distal end 261 relative to atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 1012. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually separateatraumatic forceps jaws 1010. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually separateatraumatic forceps jaws 1010 wherein a first atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 1011 contacts a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011until all other portions of atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 are separated.In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 100may be configured to separate atraumatic forceps jaws 1010 whereinatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1011 are the last portions ofatraumatic forceps jaws 1010 to separate.

FIG. 12C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully openatraumatic forceps 1220. Illustratively, a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps1000, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps 1210 to a fullyopen atraumatic forceps 1220. In one or more embodiments, adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve distal end 261 relative to atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 1012. Illustratively, a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forcepsjaws 1010. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 1011 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1011 maybe separated by distance 1015, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 1000comprises a fully open atraumatic forceps 1220.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an atraumatic forceps 1300.FIG. 13 illustrates a top view and a front view of an atraumatic forceps1300. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1300 may be manufactured withdimensions configured for performing microsurgical procedures, e.g.,ophthalmic surgical procedures. In one or more embodiments, atraumaticforceps 1300 may be manufactured from surgical blank 290.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1300 may be manufactured by modifyingsurgical blank 290, e.g., with an electric discharge machine. In one ormore embodiments, atraumatic forceps 1300 may be manufactured bymodifying surgical blank 290, e.g., with a laser, a file, or anysuitable modification means. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1300 maycomprise a plurality of atraumatic forceps jaws 1310, an eighth contourangle 1320, and a ninth contour angle 1330.

Illustratively, each atraumatic forceps jaw 1310 of a plurality ofatraumatic forceps jaws 1310 may comprise an atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 1311 and an atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 1312. In oneor more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311 anda second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311 may be separated by adistance 1315. Illustratively, distance 1315 may comprise a distance ina range of 0.005 to 0.08 inches, e.g., distance 1315 may comprise adistance of 0.04 inches. In one or more embodiments, distance 1315 maycomprise a distance less than 0.005 inches or greater than 0.08 inches.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1300 may be configured to separate afirst tissue from a surface of a second tissue without damaging thesecond tissue. For example, atraumatic forceps 1300 may be configured toseparate a first tissue having a convex surface geometry from a secondtissue having a convex surface geometry without damaging the secondtissue. In one or more embodiments, the first tissue may comprise aninternal limiting membrane and the second tissue may comprise a retina.Illustratively, distance 1315 may comprise a distance in a range of 200to 600 times an average thickness of the first tissue, e.g., distance1315 may comprise a distance 291 times the average thickness of thefirst tissue. In one or more embodiments, distance 1315 may comprise adistance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the averagethickness of the first tissue. Illustratively, distance 1315 maycomprise a distance in a range of 200 to 600 times an average thicknessof an internal limiting membrane, e.g., distance 1315 may comprise adistance 291 times the average thickness of an internal limitingmembrane. In one or more embodiments, distance 1315 may comprise adistance less than 200 times or greater than 600 times the averagethickness of an internal limiting membrane.

Illustratively, eighth contour angle 1320 may comprise any angle lessthan 90 degrees, e.g., eighth contour angle 1320 may comprise an anglein a range of 60 to 80 degrees. In one or more embodiments, eighthcontour angle 1320 may comprise an angle less than 60 degrees or greaterthan 80 degrees. Illustratively, eighth contour angle 1320 may comprisea 72.3 degree angle. In one or more embodiments, ninth contour angle1330 may comprise any angle greater than 90 degrees, e.g., ninth contourangle 1330 may comprise an angle in a range of 95 to 120 degrees.Illustratively, ninth contour angle 1330 may comprise an angle less than95 degrees or greater than 120 degrees. In one or more embodiments,ninth contour angle 1330 may comprise a 107 degree angle.

In one or more embodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 may beconfigured to close at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311 asactuation sleeve 260 is gradually actuated over atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 1312. Illustratively, an extension of actuation sleeve 260relative to surgical blank 290 may be configured to decrease a distance1315 between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311 and a secondatraumatis forceps jaw distal end 1311. In one or more embodiments, anextension of actuation sleeve 260 over a first atraumatic forceps jawproximal end 1312 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end 1312may be configured to cause the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1311 and the second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311 to contactbefore any other portion of the first atraumatic forceps jaw 1310contacts any other portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw 1310.

FIGS. 14A, 14B, and 14C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualclosing of an atraumatic forceps 1300. FIG. 14A illustrates a top viewand a front view of an open atraumatic forceps 1400. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 1300 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 1400, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311is separated from a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311 bydistance 1315. Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1300 may comprise anopen atraumatic forceps 1400, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fullyretracted relative to atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1312.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1300 may comprise an open atraumaticforceps 1400, e.g., when actuation structure 100 is fully decompressed.

FIG. 14B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially closedatraumatic forceps 1410. In one or more embodiments, a compression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually close anatraumatic forceps 1300, e.g., from an open atraumatic forceps 1400 to apartially closed atraumatic forceps 1410. Illustratively, a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleeve distal end261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1312. In one or moreembodiments, a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configuredto decrease a distance between a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end1311 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311, e.g., a firstatraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311 and a second atraumatic forcepsjaw distal end 1311 may be separated by a distance less than distance1315 when atraumatic forceps 1300 comprises a partially closedatraumatic forceps 1410.

FIG. 14C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully closedatraumatic forceps 1420. Illustratively, a compression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually close an atraumatic forceps1300, e.g., from a partially closed atraumatic forceps 1410 to a fullyclosed atraumatic forceps 1420. In one or more embodiments, acompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to extendactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., a compressionof actuation structure 100 may be configured to extend actuation sleevedistal end 261 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1312.Illustratively, an extension of actuation sleeve 260 over atraumaticforceps jaws proximal ends 1312 may be configured to close atraumaticforceps jaws 1310 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 initially contactat atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311. In one or more embodiments,a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to graduallyclose atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 wherein atraumatic forceps jaws 1310initially contact at atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311.Illustratively, after atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311 initiallycontact, a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configured togradually close atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 wherein a contact areabetween atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 gradually increases. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 may be configured to closewherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw 1310 in contact witha second atraumatic forceps jaw 1310 increases gradually from atraumaticforceps jaws distal ends 1311, e.g., atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 may beconfigured to close wherein an amount of a first atraumatic forceps jaw1310 in contact with a second atraumatic forceps jaw 1310 increasesgradually towards atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1312.Illustratively, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to close atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 starting at atraumaticforceps jaws distal ends 1311 and gradually progressing towardsatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1312. In one or more embodiments,a compression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to close afirst atraumatic forceps jaw 1310 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw1310 wherein the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 initiallycontact each other at first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distalends 1311. Illustratively, after the first and second atraumatic forcepsjaws 1310 initially contact at first and second atraumatic forceps jawsdistal ends 1311, a compression of actuation structure 100 may beconfigured to cause medial portions of the first and second atraumaticforceps jaws 1310 to gradually contact each other starting at medialportions of the first and second atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 adjacentto first and second atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311.

In one or more embodiments, a surgeon may separate an internal limitingmembrane from a retina by grasping the internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws 1310, e.g., without damaging the retina.Illustratively, a surgeon may manipulate actuation structure 100 andassembled surgical instrument 200 to approach a retina with atraumaticforceps 1300, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 1300 comprises an openatraumatic forceps 1400. For example, a surgeon may gradually moveatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311 closer to a retina untilatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311 contact an internal limitingmembrane. In one or more embodiments, a compression of actuationstructure 100, e.g., by a surgeon, may be configured to extend actuationsleeve 260 over atraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1312.Illustratively, a surgeon may grasp an internal limiting membrane withatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311 and no other portion ofatraumatic forceps jaws 1310, e.g., to minimize trauma to an underlyingretinal tissue. For example, after a surgeon grasps a first portion ofan internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends1311, the surgeon may manipulate the first portion of the internallimiting membrane and compress actuation structure 100 to grasp a secondportion of the internal limiting membrane with atraumatic forceps jaws1310. Illustratively, the surgeon may grasp the second portion of theinternal limiting membrane with a portion of atraumatic forceps jaws1310 located a distance from atraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311.

FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C are schematic diagrams illustrating a gradualopening of an atraumatic forceps 1300. FIG. 15A illustrates a top viewand a front view of a closed atraumatic forceps 1500. In one or moreembodiments, atraumatic forceps 1300 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 1500, e.g., when a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311is adjacent to a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311.Illustratively, atraumatic forceps 1300 may comprise a closed atraumaticforceps 1500, e.g., when actuation sleeve 260 is fully extended overatraumatic forceps jaws proximal ends 1312. Illustratively, atraumaticforceps 1300 may comprise a closed atraumatic forceps 1500, e.g., whenactuation structure 100 is fully compressed.

FIG. 15B illustrates a top view and a front view of a partially openatraumatic forceps 1510. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually open anatraumatic forceps 1300, e.g., from a closed atraumatic forceps 1500 toa partially open atraumatic forceps 1510. Illustratively, adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve distal end 261 relative to atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 1312. In one or more embodiments, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually separateatraumatic forceps jaws 1310. Illustratively, a decompression ofactuation structure 100 may be configured to gradually separateatraumatic forceps jaws 1310 wherein a first atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 1311 contacts a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311until all other portions of atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 are separated.In one or more embodiments, a decompression of actuation structure 100may be configured to separate atraumatic forceps jaws 1310 whereinatraumatic forceps jaws distal ends 1311 are the last portions ofatraumatic forceps jaws 1310 to separate.

FIG. 15C illustrates a top view and a front view of a fully openatraumatic forceps 1520. Illustratively, a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually open an atraumatic forceps1300, e.g., from a partially open atraumatic forceps 1510 to a fullyopen atraumatic forceps 1520. In one or more embodiments, adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve 260 relative to surgical blank 290, e.g., adecompression of actuation structure 100 may be configured to retractactuation sleeve distal end 261 relative to atraumatic forceps jawsproximal ends 1312. Illustratively, a decompression of actuationstructure 100 may be configured to gradually separate atraumatic forcepsjaws 1310. In one or more embodiments, a first atraumatic forceps jawdistal end 1311 and a second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end 1311 maybe separated by distance 1315, e.g., when atraumatic forceps 1300comprises a fully open atraumatic forceps 1520.

The foregoing description has been directed to particular embodiments ofthis invention. It will be apparent; however, that other variations andmodifications may be made to the described embodiments, with theattainment of some or all of their advantages. Specifically, it shouldbe noted that the principles of the present invention may be implementedin any system. Furthermore, while this description has been written interms of a surgical instrument, the teachings of the present inventionare equally suitable to any systems where the functionality may beemployed. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to coverall such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit andscope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An instrument comprising: a handle; an actuationstructure of the handle having an actuation structure distal end and anactuation structure proximal end; a plurality of actuation arms of theactuation structure; an extension joint of each actuation arm of theplurality of actuation arms; a distal barb fitting disposed within thehandle; a proximal barb fitting disposed within the handle; a tubehaving a tube distal end and a tube proximal end, the tube disposedwithin the handle wherein the tube distal end is disposed over thedistal barb fitting forming a first hermetic seal and wherein the tubeproximal end is disposed over the proximal barb fitting forming a secondhermetic seal; a surgical blank having a surgical blank distal end and asurgical blank proximal end; a first atraumatic forceps jaw of thesurgical blank having a first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end and afirst atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end; a second atraumatic forcepsjaw of the surgical blank having a second atraumatic forceps jaw distalend and a second atraumatic forceps jaw proximal end; and an actuationsleeve having an actuation sleeve distal end and an actuation sleeveproximal end, the actuation sleeve disposed over a portion of thesurgical blank wherein a compression of the actuation structure isconfigured to extend the actuation sleeve distal end over the firstatraumatic forceps jaw proximal end and the second atraumatic forcepsjaw proximal end and wherein the compression of the actuation structureis configured to actuate the first atraumatic forceps jaw towards thesecond atraumatic forceps jaw and to actuate the second atraumaticforceps jaw towards the first atraumatic forceps jaw wherein the firstatraumatic forceps jaw distal end and the second atraumatic forceps jawdistal end are configured to contact before any other portion of thefirst atraumatic forceps jaw contacts any other portion of the secondatraumatic forceps jaw and wherein an amount of the first atraumaticforceps jaw in contact with the second atraumatic forceps jaw increasesgradually from the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end and thesecond atraumatic forceps jaw distal end towards the first atraumaticforceps jaw proximal end and the second atraumatic forceps jaw proximalend starting at a medial portion of the first atraumatic forceps jawthat is adjacent to the first atraumatic forceps jaw distal end and amedial portion of the second atraumatic forceps jaw that is adjacent tothe second atraumatic forceps jaw distal end.
 2. The instrument of claim1 further comprising: a first contour angle of the first atraumaticforceps jaw, the first contour angle of the first atraumatic forceps jawin a range of 60 to 80 degrees; and a first contour angle of the secondatraumatic forceps jaw, the first contour angle of the second atraumaticforceps jaw in a range of 60 to 80 degrees.
 3. The instrument of claim 2further comprising: a second contour angle of the first atraumaticforceps jaw, the second contour angle of the first atraumatic forcepsjaw in a range of 100 to 120 degrees; and a second contour angle of thesecond atraumatic forceps jaw, the second contour angle of the secondatraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 100 to 120 degrees.
 4. Theinstrument of claim 3 further comprising: a third contour angle of thefirst atraumatic forceps jaw, the third contour angle of the firstatraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 160 to 175 degrees; and a thirdcontour angle of the second atraumatic forceps jaw, the third contourangle of the second atraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 160 to 175degrees.
 5. The instrument of claim 1 further comprising: a fourthcontour angle of the first atraumatic forceps jaw, the fourth contourangle of the first atraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 60 to 80degrees; and a fourth contour angle of the second atraumatic forcepsjaw, the fourth contour angle of the second atraumatic forceps jaw in arange of 60 to 80 degrees.
 6. The instrument of claim 5 furthercomprising: a fifth contour angle of the first atraumatic forceps jaw,the fifth contour angle of the first atraumatic forceps jaw in a rangeof 95 to 120 degrees; and a fifth contour angle of the second atraumaticforceps jaw, the fifth contour angle of the second atraumatic forcepsjaw in a range of 95 to 120 degrees.
 7. The instrument of claim 1further comprising: a sixth contour angle of the first atraumaticforceps jaw, the sixth contour angle of the first atraumatic forceps jawin a range of 60 to 80 degrees; and a sixth contour angle of the secondatraumatic forceps jaw, the sixth contour angle of the second atraumaticforceps jaw in a range of 60 to 80 degrees.
 8. The instrument of claim 7further comprising: a seventh contour angle of the first atraumaticforceps jaw, the seventh contour angle of the first atraumatic forcepsjaw in a range of 95 to 120 degrees; and a seventh contour angle of thesecond atraumatic forceps jaw, the seventh angle of the secondatraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 95 to 120 degrees.
 9. Theinstrument of claim 1 further comprising: an eighth contour angle of thefirst atraumatic forceps jaw, the eighth contour angle of the firstatraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 60 to 80 degrees; and an eighthcontour angle of the second atraumatic forceps jaw, the eighth contourangle of the second atraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 60 to 80degrees.
 10. The instrument of claim 9 further comprising: a ninthcontour angle of the first atraumatic forceps jaw, the ninth contourangle of the first atraumatic forceps jaw in a range of 95 to 120degrees; and a ninth contour angle of the second atraumatic forceps jaw,the ninth contour angle of the second atraumatic forceps jaw in a rangeof 95 to 120 degrees.
 11. The instrument of claim 1 wherein the firstatraumatic forceps jaw distal end is separated from the secondatraumatic forceps jaw distal end by a distance in a range of 0.005 to0.08 inches.
 12. The instrument of claim 11 wherein the first atraumaticforceps jaw distal end is separated from the second atraumatic forcepsjaw distal end by 0.04 inches.
 13. The instrument of claim 1 wherein thecompression of the actuation structure is configured to separate a firsttissue having a first convex surface geometry from a second tissuehaving a second convex surface geometry.
 14. The instrument of claim 13wherein the separation of the first tissue from the second tissue doesnot damage the second tissue.
 15. The instrument of claim 1 furthercomprising: a wire lock disposed within the actuation structure whereina portion of the surgical blank is disposed in the wire lock.
 16. Theinstrument of claim 1 further comprising: a handle base having a handlebase distal end and a handle base proximal end wherein the handle basedistal end is disposed in a handle base housing of the actuationstructure.
 17. The instrument of claim 16 further comprising: an endplug having an end plug distal end and an end plug proximal end whereinthe end plug distal end is disposed in the handle base.
 18. Theinstrument of claim 17 wherein the end plug comprises a luer hub. 19.The instrument of claim 18 further comprising: an inner nosecone havingan inner nosecone distal end and an inner nosecone proximal end.